Since Android 10, all new devices use file-based encryption. For older devices on an older OS, you might have optional encryption, but it isn't enabled by default.

However, between an Android device and an iPhone, there currently is no encryption. The industry is at least telling us that they are working on it.

CTIA Device of the Day: Galaxy Tabs feature device-level encryption, a first for any Android device, and Samsung, unlike Apple, had the enterprise in mind when developing its tablets.