Probability density function is a statistical expression defining the likelihood of a series of outcomes for a continuous variable, such as a stock or ETF return.

A class of probability density estimates can be obtained by penalizing the likelihood by a functional which depends on the roughness of the logarithm of the density. The limiting case of the estimates ...

Nonparametric estimation of probability density functions, both marginal and joint densities, is a very useful tool in statistics. The kernel method is popular and applicable to dependent data, ...