The genomes of all influenza viruses are composed of eight single-stranded RNA segments (Figure 1). These RNAs are negative-sense molecules, meaning that they must be copied into positive-sense ...

It is a near sphere of protein (cross section shown) inside a fatty membrane that protects a twisting strand of RNA--a molecule that holds the virus's genetic code. Proteins called "S" form spikes ...

Viruses, then, may have existed before bacteria, archaea, or eukaryotes (Figure 4; Prangishvili et al. 2006). Most biologists now agree that the very first replicating molecules consisted of RNA ...

It is also useful for the detection of target region variants, which gives additional protection from false-negative results that arise owing to natural variants of RNA viruses. [28] ...

Scientists have uncovered a new role for a cell's own RNA in fending off attacks by RNA viruses. Some of the cell's RNA molecules, researchers found, help regulate antiviral signaling. These ...

The RNA can then be cross-referenced against large ... the location of the open reading frame seen in human hepatitis D virus (Figure 1). On top of this, certain sequences of the avian hepatitis ...