Since CMRR is input-referred, Vcmrr is amplified by the closed-loop gain of the op amp circuit along with the differential input signal (Ve) to create the total output voltage (Vout). Figure 2 ...

This article explains the basics of signal generators and also explains the various architectures used to generate electronic signals.

This tutorial explains the fundamentals of time-, frequency-, and modulation-domain analysis from the perspective of several examples.

This article details a signal integrity test platform using GaGe Instruments' high-speed digitizers to evaluate data link ...

For this test, you place the op amp in a closed-loop configuration, apply a small-signal step function or square wave to its input, and measure the output voltage.