These challenges were overcome by hemagglutination-based assays. Conclusion The latter allow a robust performance in discriminating NAIs and non-NAIs.

The low hemagglutination titers for H3N2 may have been due to rapid mutation of that strain, which might blunt the immune response, the authors said. Alternatively, the hemagglutination assay may ...

The cultures positive for hemagglutination were subject to a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, specific for M segments. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed ...

Additionally, the efficacy of 11 other H7 AIV vaccines and an antigenic map of hemagglutination inhibition assay data with all the vaccines and challenge viruses were evaluated, both to identify other ...

Test procedures were developed that make possible the use of HA-elution patterns from chicken erythrocytes for differentiation of NDV strains. The 53 strains and 16 clones examined were separated into ...